低压系统SPD和后备过电流保护装置可靠性分析

姚 烨（天津市中力防雷技术有限公司，天津市 300392）

薛文安（中国民航大学，天津市 300300）

Reliability Analysis of SPD and Backup Overcurrent Protection Device in Low‑voltage System

YAO Ye(Tianjin C - POWER Lightning Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300392，China)

XUE Wen’an(Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300，China)

Abstract：This paper introduces the time quality of SPD(surge protective device)and its backup overcurrent protection device,focuses on the analysis and comparison of the characteristic quantity failure rate and system failure rate of the reliability of metal oxide varistor‑type SPD,fuse,circuit breaker and special circuit breaker. It is pointed out that the selection of high‑reliability SPD(low failure rate)is the fundamental measure to improve the system reliability,derating design is one of the main methods to improve the reliability of SPD,and fuse is the device with the lowest failure rate among backup overcurrent protection devices.

Key words：SPD;overcurrent protection device;nominal discharge current;expected surge current at SPD installation point;reliability;failure rate;fuse;circuit breaker

摘　要：介绍浪涌保护器及其后备过电流保护装置的时间质量，重点分析金属氧化物压敏电阻型浪涌保护器、熔断器、断路器以及专用断路器的可靠性特征量失效率和系统失效率，并进行比较。指出选择高可靠性（低失效率）SPD是提高系统可靠性的根本措施，降额设计是提高SPD可靠性的主要方法之一，熔断器是后备过电流保护装置中失效率最低的器件。

关键词：浪涌保护器；过电流保护装置；标称放电电流；SPD安装点的预期浪涌电流；可靠度；失效率；熔断器；断路器

中图分类号：TU895     　　  　   文献标识码：A

doi：10.3969 / j. issn.1003 － 8493.2021.10.002