张 军（合肥市消防救援支队，合肥市 230001）

韩路豪 王子阳 姚   斌（中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，合肥市 230026）

Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway of High‑capacity Lithium‑ion

Batteries with Different Anode Materials

ZHANG Jun（Fire and Rescue Detachment of Hefei City,Hefei 230001，China）

HAN Luhao WANG Ziyang YAO Bin（State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,

University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026，China）

Abstract：In order to investigate the thermal runaway characteristics of the high‑capacity lithium‑ion batteries with different anode materials,experiment has been conducted on the thermal runaway of high‑capacity 52 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery(LFP)and 53 Ah nickel‑cobalt‑manganese lithium‑ion battery(NCM)with the same capacity and with different anode materials in different states of charge（SOC）,and the macroscopic behaviors and characteristics of the two batteries are compared by examining the parameters such as thermal runaway behavior and thermal runaway characteristic parameter. As the experiment results indicate:the thermal runaway of NCM is more intense than that of LFP; greater SOC means NCM and LFP are more susceptible to thermal runaway and the thermal runaway is more intense; the thermal runaway of NCM is more sensitive to the change of SOC.

Key words：lithium‑ion battery;lithium iron phosphate battery;nickel‑cobalt‑manganese lithium‑ion battery;thermal runaway;state of charge;characteristic parameter;temperature rise;anode material

摘　要：为探究不同正极材料大容量锂离子电池的热失控特性，针对不同荷电状态（SOC）下相同容量的不同正极材料大容量52 Ah磷酸铁锂电池（LFP）和53 Ah三元锂离子电池（NCM）的热失控进行实验，通过热失控行为、热失控特征参数等参数对比二者的宏观行为与特征。实验结果表明：NCM热失控比LFP更剧烈；SOC越大，NCM与LFP更易发生热失控且热失控更剧烈，NCM热失控对SOC的变化更敏感。

关键词：锂离子电池；磷酸铁锂电池；三元锂离子电池；热失控；荷电状态；特征参数；温升；正极材料

中图分类号：TM912                　  文献标识码：A

doi：10.3969 / j. issn.1003 － 8493.2024.02.008